哥特式 (Gothic) 大教堂系列之 (英國)

ngsunyu

<>
</P>
坎特伯里大教堂（Canterbury Cathedral）


<p>
<p>
<p>
坎特伯里大教堂是英国最古老、最著名的基督教建筑之一，它是英国圣公会首席主教坎特伯雷大主教的主教座堂，坎特伯雷大主教还是普世圣公宗的精神领袖。教堂的正式名称是<I>坎特伯雷基督座堂和大主教</I><I>教堂</I><I>（</I><I>Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury</I><I>）</I>。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82)
<p>
<p>
<>In the late 12th century the Early English Gothic style superseded the Romanesque or Norman style (as it is better known in England, through its association with the Norman Conquest), and during the late 13th century it developed into the Decorated Gothic style, which lasted until the mid 14th century. Although usually known as Early English, this new Gothic style had actually originated in the area around Paris before spreading to England, where at first it was known as "the French style". By 1175 the style had been firmly established in England with the completion of the Choir at Canterbury Cathedral by William of Sens. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_English_Period#Early_English_period)</P>

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-27 8:38:05编辑过]

ngsunyu

<>
</P>
<>不正确地戳</P>

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

<>
</P>
Lichfield Cathedral is situated in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. It is the only medieval English cathedral with three spires. The Cathedral is dedicated to St Chad and Saint Mary. Its internal length is 370 ft., and the breadth of the nave 68 ft., the central spire is 77m (252') high and the western spires about 58m (190') high. </P>
<p> </p></P>
Starting in 1085 and continuing through the twelfth century the original wooden Saxon church was replaced by a Norman Cathedral made from stone, and this was in turn replaced by the present Gothic Cathedral begun in 1195. It was completed by the building of the Lady Chapel in the 1330s. The Choir dates from 1200, the Transepts from 1220 to 1240 and the Nave was started in 1260. The octagonal Chapter House, which was completed in 1249 and is one of the most beautiful parts of the Cathedral with some charming stone carvings, houses an exhibition of the Cathedral's greatest treasure, the Lichfield Gospels, an 8th century illuminated manuscript. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral) </P>
<p> </p></P>
The rood screen (also choir screen or chancel screen) is a common feature in late medieval parish church architecture. It is typically an ornate screen, constructed of wood, stone or wrought iron. It divides the chancel (the area with the main altar in a church) from the nave (the main part of the church for the congregation). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rood_Screen) </P>

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

ngsunyu

<>
</P>
<>Worcester Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in Worcester, England; situated on a bank overlooking the River Severn. Its official name is The Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Cathedral was founded in 680 with Bishop Bosel as its head. The first cathedral was built in this period but nothing now remains of it. The existing crypt of the cathedral dates from the 10th century and the time of St Oswald, bishop of Worcester. The current cathedral dates from the 12th and 13th centuries. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_cathedral) </P>

ngsunyu

<B>以下是引用<I>胡斌</I>在2008-7-28 19:49:55的发言：</B>

<>第2楼和第15楼的片又复品吗？</P>

<>

欧洲极限片中法国最多英国最少。 抱歉没有复片。<p></p></P>

ngsunyu

<>
</P>
索尔兹伯里，因有全英国最高的大教堂而闻名于世。大教堂始建于１２２０年，围绕着它才诞生了索尔兹伯里。大教堂用银灰色的条石砌成，庄严而美丽。石料取自 ２０公里外的采石场，估计共用掉巨石达６万吨。这座大教堂的主体工程只用了３８年，因而整个教堂的建筑风格完全一致，为早期哥特式，这在英国建筑史上是十 分罕见的。其塔尖高１２３米，为英国塔高之冠。(http://www.godeyes.cn/news/2007/12/5/1205115411.htm)  <p></p></P>
<>Salisbury Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral located in Salisbury, England. It is considered one of the leading examples of Early English architecture because it was built over a relatively short period (between c. 1220—1258) and thus relatively unpolluted by other styles (except for its facade and famous tower and spire, which date from the 14th century). <p></p></P>
<>The cathedral has the tallest church spire in the United Kingdom (123m/404ft). It also has the largest cloister and the largest cathedral close in Britain (80 acres).  The Cathedral contains the world's oldest working clock (from AD 1386) and has one of the four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta (大宪章). Although commonly known as Salisbury Cathedral, the official name is the Cathedral of Saint Mary. In 2008, the Cathedral is celebrating the 750th anniversary of its consecration in 1258. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral) </P>
<>The most significant and characteristic development of the Early English period was the pointed arch known as the lancet. Pointed arches were used almost universally, not only in arches of wide span such as those of the nave arcade, but also for doorways and lancet windows. The arched windows are usually narrow by comparison to their height and are without tracery. For this reason Early English Gothic is sometimes known as the "Lancet" or "First Pointed" style. The Lancet openings of windows and decorative arcading are often grouped in twos or threes. This characteristic is seen throughout Salisbury Cathedral where there are groups of two lancet windows lining the nave and groups of three lining the clerestory. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_English_Period#Early_English_period)</P>

ngsunyu

<>
</P>
<>约克大教堂 (York Minster)，又称圣彼得大教堂，是欧洲现存最大的中世纪时期的教堂，也是世界上设计和建筑艺术最精湛的教堂之一。教堂始建于公元627年，当时是一座全木结构的建筑，后来在内战中被战火摧毁。1060年，诺曼人攻占了约克，建造了第一座诺曼人教堂，至今仍可以看到这个教堂的基石和地下室。
约克大教堂不但是英国最大，也是欧洲阿尔卑斯山以北最大的哥特式教堂。 教堂于1220年开始兴建，1470年完工。东面一整片相当于一个网球场大小德彩色玻璃，是全世界最大的中世纪彩色玻璃窗，它由百多个图案组成。教堂北面 的The Five Sisters' Window 是约克大教堂历史最悠久的玻璃窗，也是英国最大的灰色调单色玻璃。(http://baike.baidu.com/view/105289.htm)<p></p></P>
<>York Minster is a Gothic cathedral in York, England. It is the seat of the Archbishop of York (the second-highest office of the Church of England). Its formal title is <I>The Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Peter in York.<p></p></I></P>
<>It has a very wide Decorated Gothic nave and chapter house, a Perpendicular Gothic choir and east end, and Early English north and south transepts. The nave contains the West Window, constructed in 1338, and over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window, (finished in 1408), the largest expanse of medieval stained glass in the world. In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window, each lancet being over 16 metres high. The south transept contains the famous Rose window. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Minster) </P>